"Tisu tichatanga kuva magwenga, ndizvo zvatinodzidziswa kuchikoro kubva tichiri vadiki." Kupfuura Xyella: izvi ndizvo zvikonzero zvakakonzera kuoma kwemiti yemiorivhi muPuglia.
Nzvimbo yekurima yePuglia haina kufanana. Mamiriro ezvinhu anosuruvarisa akakanganisa maorivhi yakashandura zvikuru ndima, ichigadzira patsva mafomu ayo uye maitiro. "Mumakore achangopfuura, ndichifamba mumaruwa eSalento, ndakaona migwagwa nemapurazi zvandisati ndamboona, nokuti zvinhu zvose zvisati zvafukidzwa nemiorivhi," anotiudza. Orronzo trio, ivo Chipatara Masseria. “Pane dambarefu rekukura kwegwenga riri kuitika, dambudziko ratagara tichiziva nezvaro, ravaingoritaura kubva vari kupuraimari.
Zvisinei, kana zvasvika kumamiriro ezvinhu emiti yemiorivhi muApulia, kwave kune zvakawanda zvekutaura nezvazvo Xylella, asi zvishoma pane zvimwe zvinhu zvose izvi zvaifarira kuvapo kwayo uye kupararira kwayo nokukurumidza. Kutaura zvazviri, iyo yakawira pamiti yemiorivhi yakanga isiri kutuka kubva kunze, asi nhamo yakawedzera kune imwe nzvimbo yakatorwara, iyo yakanga isisina simba rekutarisana nerimwe dambudziko. Iyi ndiyo hypothesis inoiswa mberi nayo Chiremba mune Pharmaceutical Chemistry Giorgio mabasa, avo, pamwe chete nemamwe ma agronomists, chemist, mapurofesa, emeritus bacteriologists akadai se Marco Nuti, Giusto Giovannetti, Marco Scortichini, Giovanni Pergolese naMichele Saracino, akanyora chinyorwa chesayenzi chinokosha. Vanyori vese inhengo dze Independent multidisciplinary science committee (SMI Committee), yakagadzirwa muPuglia muna 2018 nechinangwa chekugadzirisa nesainzi matambudziko ane chekuita nedambudziko remiti yemiorivhi, Xylella nevhu muPuglia, vachipa mazano anoshanda uye akapupurirwa mamwe mapindiro ekubvisa zvakanaka uye mamwe mabhakitiriya emiti kuti ashandiswe. chemakemikari emishonga yezvipembenene.
"Achatarisira vanorwara, kwete chirwere chete, uye mune iyi nyaya, vanorwara ndiyo ndima." Pfungwa yake, kutaura zvazviri, ndeyokuti kucheka, kusakura uye kutema miorivhi yakakuvadzwa haisi mhinduro, kana kuti kwete kugadzirisa dambudziko riripo. Nokuti haisi mubvunzo wekubvisa miti yemiorivhi, asi yekuitarisira nekuitarisira, kutanga kubva pamidzi yavo uye ivhu, iyo inofanira kudzorerwa uye kumutsidzirwa. Muchidimbu, Xylella yakadzora kutarisisa zvakanyanya kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu: panofanirwa kuve nemaitiro matsva kune nyika yekurima uye ivhu zvakazara.
Mamiriro ezvinhu emiti yemiorivhi muApulia
Mukati memakore 2008-2009, varimi vakati wandei uye matekinoroji mudunhu rePuglia vakashuma nyaya dzinowanzoitika dzekuomesa maorivhi, zvisati zvamboitika. Panguva yemushumo wekutanga, chiitiko ichi chaive chatovepo mune mamwe mahekita 8000 enzvimbo, saka ongororo yakaitwa pamusoro pemamiriro emukati nekunze echirimwa chinorwara uye zvakabva zvafungidzirwa kuti pane zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa, panguva dzakasiyana. mazinga. . Nenzira iyi, zita reiyo phytopathology iri mubvunzo rakapihwa Co.Di.RO, ndiko kuti, kuoma kwokuoma kwomuorivhi nokukurumidza. Asi, kusvika papi mhedzisiro uye zviratidzo zve renje yatove munzvimbo nenzvimbo yeCo.di.ro, kusanganisira Xylla bacteria?
Muchokwadi, mamiriro epasi muApulia anga akakomba kwenguva yakati: kuregeredza uye kusazvibata kwehunyanzvi, mazinga evamiririri vanokuvadza, makemikari uye zvinosvibisa, kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwe mishonga yezvipembenene, kuderera kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kuderedzwa kwe organic substance, dzimwe nguva kunyange yakaderera pane iyo yerenje ... Mukuwedzera, maviri chaiwo maparamita emiti yemiorivhi yeApulia akawedzera kuwedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu: the kuchekerera miti, pamusoro peavhareji nokuda kwemiti yemiorivhi yokuEurope zvose nokuda kwezera reavhareji yakakwira uye nemhaka yokuti mizhinji yacho haichekererwi; uye kuwanda kwemiti yemiorivhi, yakatenderedza 65 miriyoni muPuglia yese, iyo inenge mamirioni gumi nerimwe chete muSalento peninsula. Muorivhi, naizvozvo, muti wakasimba uye unopikisa, usingatsvaki mvura yakawanda, asi sezvipenyu zvose zvinokanganisa kuchinjwa mumamiriro ecosystem; saka kupera kwayo kunoita kuti igamuchire nhamo, kune pathogenic microorganisms dzakadai sefungi kana mabhakitiriya, kazhinji kutanga kubva kumidzi inopindura nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezvipembenene, kusvikira muti wacho waoma. Naizvozvo, kune akati wandei mamiriro ayo (ane) akatsamwisa uye akasunungura deiccation yemiorivhi inorwara.
Beyond Xylella: zviwanikwa zvemvura, mishonga yezvipembenene, kuderera kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye organic matter
Imwe yematambudziko akakomba uye akavanzika, zvakare chaizvo nekuti zviri kuitika pasi pevhu "iwe haugone kuzviona", zvinoreva Mvura zviwanikwa. << MuSalento yese uye munzvimbo dzemahombekombe eMurgia kusvika makore angangoita makumi matatu apfuura, matsime aingova epamusoro, pakati pemamita matatu kusvika gumi anenge, asi mukati memakore makumi matatu apfuura kupindira kwakaitwa kusvika pakadzika dzika, kusvika kuburikidza nekuchera. yedombo, uko kune mvura yakachena nemvura yemunyu kubva mugungwa ”, anotsanangura kudaro Giorgio. Sia la natura carsica dei territoriali, sia scorretti e costanti interventi antropici tra i quali la realizzazione di innumerevoli pozzi artesiani (circa centomila) abusivi in the tutta la Puglia da decine di anni, hanno seriously compromised l'esoqui del ricatlis de la puglia sotrattutto, idrica risortosu ramba uchienda. Somuuyo, matsime akawanda epasi zvino asisina chinhu, uye kupfuuridzira kushandiswa kwamatsime anochera mvura kubva pasi pevhu kwakaunza mvura ine munyu kumatsime emvura uye nokudaro kudyara midzi.
Mhedzisiro yekukurumidza uye munyaya iyi inooneka zvakajeka ndeyokuti mumiorivhi hapasisina mhuka kupfuura kamwe chete: zvipembenene, nyuchi, madzvinyu uye zvese zvipenyu zvemuorivhi ecosystem zvino zvinenge zvisipo zvachose. Panguva imwe chete nekudonha kwakanyanya mukati The Biodiversity, saka zvakare inoderedza iyo organic substance, iyo inogara iri duku uye dzimwe nguva inofananidzwa neiyo yebhandi reSub-Sahelian. Somugumisiro, ivhu rinonyanya kutarisana nemamiriro ekunze, kupararira kwezvirwere uye kuderera kukuru, zvose zvinowedzera kuipa nekuenderera mberi uye kushandiswa kukuru kwevhu. mishonga yezvipembenenekunyanya mumakore makumi mana apfuura. Muchidimbu, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvese izvi, Puglia, kunyanya Salento, inzvimbo "iri panjodzi", uko kwakateedzana maitiro eketani akaburitswa, kukuvadza nharaunda uye, hongu, yeavo vanogara imomo.
Saka ndoita sei?
Sezvataona, chikonzero chikuru cheCo.Di.RO ndiyo inoshamisa subsoil mamiriro eApulia, zvakare nokuti nharaunda inzvimbo yakaoma ecosystem, iyo zvinhu zvose zvakabatana uye zvakabatana. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kusanganiswa kwevhu rine utano - ine utano uye inopikisa chirimwa inofanira kusimbiswa, asi sei?
Kune kupindira nezvinhu zvepasi pemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvakanakisa mhedzisiro inowanikwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zviri nyore uye zvisingadhuri zviito zvinogona kugadzirirwa uye kushandiswa zvakananga nevarimi pachavo. Pakati peizvi, semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwe mhangura, Ajo, sarufa mi Lima, Unoperekedzwa saizi; kana mamwe marapirwo anodzoreredza iyo hydric uye organic paramita munguva pfupi uye yepakati, inovandudza kugona kwekusimba kwechirimwa. "Mushure mekutenderera kwekutanga, miti yemiorivhi yakawanda inoratidza kupora kwakanaka kwezvinomera", anonyora Giorgio.
Asi, kazhinji, mhinduro yedambudziko iri munzira itsva yekurima kubva kune yakajairika kusvika durable, zvakare nekuti Xylella iripo, ine ma subspecies akasiyana, munzvimbo zhinji dzeEurope uye kunyanya munzvimbo dzemahombekombe eMediterranean; Ndicho chikonzero nei zvisingakwanisi kufunga kurwisana nayo kana kuibvisa nezviito zvemakemikari, nokuti iyo microorganism ikozvino inopararira muEurope kondinendi. “Kuparadzirwa kwaro mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa kunoratidza kuti utachiona hunoda nzvimbo dzinowanzoita gwenga; zvisinei, iyo desiccation mamiriro muEurope, uko kuvapo kweXylella kwakajeka, hakuna kana kure kuenzaniswa nezviri kuitika muPuglia. Mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza ePuglia uye emiti yemiorivhi kunyanya, kune zvese zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa, zvinosuruvarisa zvakanyanya zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe uye, maererano nezvidzidzo zvakawanikwa, zvine musoro kufunga kuti kuparara kwegwenga kwakaziviswa kwemakumi emakore, iko zvino. uye pakupedzisira inofanira kuiswa pakati pekutarisa nekuita ”, anopedzisa Giorgio. Uyezve, nekupa pachena kusagoneka kwekudzora Xylella muPuglia nekemikari phytosanitary zvigadzirwa uye tichifunga kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunongobatsira mukuderedza njodzi, zviri pachena kuti kupedzwa hakugone kuve nzira inosarudzwa.
Naizvozvo, chinangwa chekutanga ndechekudzosera ivhu nekumutsiridza, sezvinoita mamwe masangano, sezvaanoita. Manu Riforesta!, akaberekwa aine chinangwa chekudyara miti yekurwisa kurima mumwe chete, kushandiswa kwevhu uye kuenderera mberi kwegwenga. Iro zita rinobva paSalento motto manu manu, zvinoreva Zvishoma nezvishoma, nokuti ndiyo chaiyo pfungwa: zvinotora nguva kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu muPuglia. Uyewo kutarisira uye kushivirira, asi pamusoro penguva dzose, nokuti zvinotora nguva kuporesa uye kudzorera makore ose aya emishonga yezvipembenene, mishonga yesora, mabhidhiro asingabvumirwi nemutemo uye mvura yakaoma yemvura yakaderedza ivhu. Manu manu.
